The gallery

• coverage.tile_size: Size of coverage cells used to find underfilled areas.
• coverage.reseed_attempts: Budget for starting new components in empty space.
• failures_per_parent: Accumulated failed attempts before retiring a parent node.

A node target is an upper goal, not a guarantee of complete packing.

python -m graph_ics render --example sprawl --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/sprawl-arctic.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,261 placement attempts; 0.22s growth. Stop: target reached.

• Text.size: Font size in world units; measured text excludes growth.
• Text.padding_em: Additional whitespace as a fraction of the font size.
• Text.align: Left, centre or right alignment around the text anchor.

The exclusion is a rectangle, not individual glyph outlines.

python -m graph_ics render --example typography --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/typography-arctic.png

Coverage: 139/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,708 placement attempts; 0.26s growth. Stop: target reached.

• SpatialFields.density: Requested nodes per square world unit, converted to preferred spacing.
• CoverageSettings: Bias generation toward underfilled cells with finite reseeding.
• spacing_limits: Minimum and maximum preferred centre spacing from density.

Density is in nodes per square world unit and remains a packing heuristic.

python -m graph_ics render --example density --palette linen --seed 7 --output examples/output/density-linen.png

Coverage: 134/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 4,285 placement attempts; 0.41s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• ImageField.pixels: Scalar raster values sampled by bilinear interpolation.
• ImageField.bounds: World rectangle mapping the first and last pixel centres.
• ImageField.outside: Clamp, return a constant, or error outside the raster.

Row zero maps to minimum y; a lower-resolution raster smooths small features.

python -m graph_ics render --example raster --palette blueprint --seed 7 --output examples/output/raster-blueprint.png

Coverage: 141/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 4,944 placement attempts; 0.49s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• SpatialFields.coordinated_scale: Scale radii, lengths, gaps and stroke widths together.
• scale_limits: Clamp local geometry multipliers to a positive interval.
• ring_ratio: Inner radius divided by outer radius; controls the hollow centre.

Large geometry can displace small details; field feasibility is not guaranteed.

python -m graph_ics render --example scale --palette aurora --seed 7 --output examples/output/scale-aurora.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,702 placement attempts; 0.34s growth. Stop: target reached.

• outline_polygon: Allowed shape; full node disks and edge strokes must fit.
• illegal_areas: Additional polygon obstacles that block visible geometry.
• draw_border: Draw the supplied outline, independently of growth.

Exact containment does not imply every narrow pocket will be filled.

python -m graph_ics render --example obstacles --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/obstacles-porcelain.png

Coverage: 141/142 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,613 placement attempts; 0.23s growth. Stop: target reached.

• RegionSpec.mode=band: Inside, outside or a finite-width band around a contour.
• band_width: Full width of the permitted boundary band.
• padding: Inset or offset that reserves whitespace around the boundary.

This uses supplied polygons. Glyph regions are supported through Text; importing arbitrary SVG paths remains separate.

python -m graph_ics render --example band --palette forest --seed 7 --output examples/output/band-forest.png

Coverage: 98/102 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 6,124 placement attempts; 0.49s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• ContourSettings.mode=follow: Contain, follow tangents, or aim terminal nodes at anchors.
• boundary_fraction: Fraction of proposals receiving boundary guidance.
• guidance: Strength of the contour direction bias.

Experimental: gaps can remain and a closed boundary loop is not promised.

python -m graph_ics render --example follow --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/follow-arctic.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,663 placement attempts; 0.36s growth. Stop: target reached.

• ContourSettings.mode=terminate: Contain, follow tangents, or aim terminal nodes at anchors.
• strict_terminals: Require terminal constraints; unmet conditions are reported.
• tolerance: Boundary target tolerance in output units.

Experimental: terminal anchoring can remain unmet; inspect the contour report.

python -m graph_ics render --example terminate --palette orchid --seed 7 --output examples/output/terminate-orchid.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,416 placement attempts; 0.42s growth. Stop: target reached.

• Interaction.attraction: Signed steering: negative repels, positive attracts.
• allow_join: Permit bridges between the specified colonies.
• target_bridges: Requested number of validated inter-colony connections.

Joining is a permission, not a guaranteed connection; ownership survives a join.

python -m graph_ics render --example cooperate --palette ember --seed 7 --output examples/output/cooperate-ember.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,182 placement attempts; 1.28s growth. Stop: target reached.

• Interaction.attraction=-0.3: Signed steering: negative repels, positive attracts.
• clearance=10: Hard minimum separation between rival visible geometry.
• Colony.weight: Relative share of growth attempts, not guaranteed territory.

Repulsion alone does not guarantee clearance; weights grant attempts, not area.

python -m graph_ics render --example compete --palette forest --seed 7 --output examples/output/compete-forest.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,278 placement attempts; 0.46s growth. Stop: target reached.

• target_extra_edges: Requested extra connections after branching to create cycles.
• max_degree: Maximum incident edges at a node.
• loop_distance: Search radius for possible extra connections.

Every loop must still pass collision, degree, and both-endpoint angle checks.

python -m graph_ics render --example loops --palette blueprint --seed 7 --output examples/output/loops-blueprint.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,358 placement attempts; 0.22s growth. Stop: target reached.

• NewestTip: Grow preferentially from the most recently accepted active node.
• failures_per_parent: Accumulated failed attempts before retiring a parent node.
• node_direction_function: Optional callback returning a proposal heading in radians.

An explicit parent policy cannot be combined with coverage scheduling or colonies.

python -m graph_ics render --example newest --palette linen --seed 7 --output examples/output/newest-linen.png

Seed 7. 4,671 placement attempts; 0.33s growth. Stop: target reached.

• AngleSettings: Hard minimum angle and probabilistic soft preference at junctions.
• remove_isolated_nodes: Remove unconnected dots when construction finishes.
• refill_passes: Bounded retries after cleanup frees space.

Stricter aesthetic constraints can increase rejection and underfill.

python -m graph_ics render --example quality --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/quality-porcelain.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 3,135 placement attempts; 0.28s growth. Stop: target reached.

• minimum=0: Hard lower bound on the smaller incident angle, in degrees.
• preferred=0: Soft preferred incident angle, in degrees.
• penalty=0: Probability-reduction strength below the preferred angle, from 0 to 1.

Collision checks still forbid overlapping strokes.

python -m graph_ics render --example angles_free --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/angles_free-porcelain.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 1,583 placement attempts; 0.16s growth. Stop: target reached.

• minimum=45: Hard lower bound on the smaller incident angle, in degrees.
• penalty=0: Probability-reduction strength below the preferred angle, from 0 to 1.

This can reduce feasible connections.

python -m graph_ics render --example angles_hard --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/angles_hard-porcelain.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,265 placement attempts; 0.20s growth. Stop: target reached.

• minimum=0: Hard lower bound on the smaller incident angle, in degrees.
• preferred=80: Soft preferred incident angle, in degrees.
• penalty=0.9: Probability-reduction strength below the preferred angle, from 0 to 1.

Soft penalties can still accept sharp angles.

python -m graph_ics render --example angles_soft --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/angles_soft-porcelain.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 1,771 placement attempts; 0.22s growth. Stop: target reached.

• minimum=60: Hard lower bound on the smaller incident angle, in degrees.
• preferred=90: Soft preferred incident angle, in degrees.
• penalty=0.9: Probability-reduction strength below the preferred angle, from 0 to 1.

Stricter controls may leave more open space.

python -m graph_ics render --example angles_strict --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/angles_strict-porcelain.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 4,832 placement attempts; 0.42s growth. Stop: target reached.

• node_shape=hexagon: Visible hollow outline contained within the reserved outer disk.
• node_outer_radius: Circumscribed radius used by collision checks and clipping.

Collision and edge clipping use conservative enclosing disks.

python -m graph_ics render --example shapes --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/shapes-porcelain.png

Coverage: 149/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,261 placement attempts; 0.20s growth. Stop: target reached.

• edge_style=double: Solid, dashed, dotted or double strokes in one protected corridor.
• edge_thickness=2: Full reserved stroke width; double lines use one third per stroke.

Style changes do not open gaps in collision protection.

python -m graph_ics render --example lines --palette blueprint --seed 7 --output examples/output/lines-blueprint.png

Coverage: 150/150 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 2,189 placement attempts; 0.20s growth. Stop: target reached.

• target_nodes=4000: Requested population, including seeds; constraints can prevent it.
• Text.padding_em: Additional whitespace as a fraction of the font size.
• coverage: Bounded spatial scheduling and reseeding for more even filling.

Large output takes more generation, validation, and export time.

python -m graph_ics render --example arctic_atlas --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/arctic_atlas-arctic.png

Coverage: 937/952 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 34,345 placement attempts; 3.14s growth. Stop: target reached.

• target_nodes=7000: Requested population, including seeds; constraints can prevent it.
• coordinated_scale: Position-dependent scaling of all geometry dimensions.
• output dimensions: World frame times export scale, including margins.

A high node target may still leave local gaps.

python -m graph_ics render --example panorama --palette aurora --seed 7 --output examples/output/panorama-aurora.png

Coverage: 2134/2170 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 52,645 placement attempts; 7.29s growth. Stop: target reached.

• target_nodes=8000: Requested population, including seeds; constraints can prevent it.
• three colonies: Three independently owned seed groups share the region.
• pairwise clearance: Separate hard exclusion distances for each colony pair.

This is spatial competition, not resource consumption or biological survival.

python -m graph_ics render --example archipelago --palette blueprint --seed 7 --output examples/output/archipelago-blueprint.png

Coverage: 2817/3487 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 21,919 placement attempts; 9.70s growth. Stop: target reached.

• SpatialFields.density: Requested nodes per square world unit, converted to preferred spacing.

Population is mapped logarithmically; dots are not individual people.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_density_only --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_density_only-porcelain.png

Coverage: 786/872 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 183,823 placement attempts; 24.56s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• SpatialFields.density: Requested nodes per square world unit, converted to preferred spacing.

Population is mapped logarithmically; dots are not individual people.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_density_only --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_density_only-arctic.png

Coverage: 786/872 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 183,823 placement attempts; 25.34s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• color_map: A spatial scalar mapped through colour stops; geometry remains independent.

Colour encodes log population density, not node count.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_colors --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_colors-porcelain.png

Coverage: 3953/4378 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 389,226 placement attempts; 73.32s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• color_map: A spatial scalar mapped through colour stops; geometry remains independent.

Colour encodes log population density, not node count.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_colors --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_colors-arctic.png

Coverage: 3953/4378 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 389,226 placement attempts; 73.32s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• SpatialFields.density: Requested nodes per square world unit, converted to preferred spacing.
• SpatialFields.coordinated_scale: Scale radii, lengths, gaps and stroke widths together.

Small territories may remain empty; this is an artistic map, not a population total.

python -m graph_ics render --example spain_population --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/spain_population-porcelain.png

Coverage: 2564/2644 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 505,728 placement attempts; 93.37s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• SpatialFields.density: Requested nodes per square world unit, converted to preferred spacing.
• SpatialFields.coordinated_scale: Scale radii, lengths, gaps and stroke widths together.

Small territories may remain empty; this is an artistic map, not a population total.

python -m graph_ics render --example spain_population --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/spain_population-arctic.png

Coverage: 2564/2644 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 505,728 placement attempts; 93.05s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• log density mapping: Compress population density logarithmically for readable spacing.
• variable scale: Shrink geometry in dense areas to retain city detail.
• 12000 target nodes: Request a large map; the actual count is reported after packing.

Artistic logarithmic mapping, not one dot per person. Small islands and narrow coasts can remain empty.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_population --palette porcelain --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_population-porcelain.png

Coverage: 787/872 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 195,888 placement attempts; 36.11s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.

• log density mapping: Compress population density logarithmically for readable spacing.
• variable scale: Shrink geometry in dense areas to retain city detail.
• 12000 target nodes: Request a large map; the actual count is reported after packing.

Artistic logarithmic mapping, not one dot per person. Small islands and narrow coasts can remain empty.

python -m graph_ics render --example uk_population --palette arctic --seed 7 --output examples/output/uk_population-arctic.png

Coverage: 787/872 tiles contain nodes. Tile occupancy is not exact area coverage.

Seed 7. 195,888 placement attempts; 44.82s growth. Stop: attempt budget exhausted.